Features What's new in LIRA-SAPR 2021

SAPFIR-Structures

• Restored option: objects included into block of SAPFIR physical model may be transferred to design model.
• Corrected: property 'Design parameters – Applied steel' for the steel beams is not duplicated in the 'Filter by parameters' dialog box.
• Enhanced option for slab parameter 'Sum up with dead weight'; it will enable the user to sum up the dead load on the slab with the dead weight of the slab.
• Restored: option to cancel the manual cleanup of walls and columns for the slab.

Generator

• Corrected: user-defined node Pyton is not duplicated when it is saved to the toolbar.

Design of RC structures

• In the reinforcement model of the diaphragm, new option to place an additional step of rebars at the edge of the reinforcement zone if the zero distance is defined for rebars on the opposite side of reinforcement zone.

Building codes for Republic of Kazakhstan

• Added: option to define increasing factors Fvk (sect. 7.6.5, 7.6.6 SP RK 2.03-30-2017 and sect. 6.4.1, 6.4.2 NTP RK 08-01.2-2021) for all earthquake dynamic modules (except non-earthquake modules 21, 22, 23, 24, 28 and experimental modules 38,37,46).

Important: revision of forces with the factor Fvk does not affect the equilibrium at nodes during calculation of load on fragment.

• Dynamic module (61) SP RK EN 1998-1:2004/2012, NTP RK 08-01.1-2021 (Kazakhstan): coefficients of responsibility along the vertical/horizontal are added.

• Dynamic module (60) 'Earthquake analysis by SP RK 2.03-30-2017 (Kazakhstan) and SN KR 20-02:2018, (Kyrgyzstan)', coefficients of responsibility along the vertical/horizontal are equal to 1.0 by default.
• New option to create combinations of loads according to modifications mentioned in sect.2.2.3.2 NP to SP RK EN 1990:2002+A1:2005/2011.

Important: when this option is used, the program generates combinations of dead load cases by formula (6.10a) and combinations of loads for transitive design cases by formula (6.10b).

• Clarified warning messages in analysis of reinforcement according to SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011.
• Clarified stability analysis for the pipe by SP RK EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011.
• Modified: presentation of the output data along the length of structural element in the local mode of steel analysis by SP RK EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011.
• Corrected: calculation of forces in element of the model when components of harmonic load is considered for SP RK EN 1990:2002+A1:2005/2011.
• Corrected: option to save the data in the DCL table in case the type of combination is changed (with no modification to combination coefficients).

LIRA-FEM Analysis Client/Server

• New 'Results' button to open the folder where the file with modified input data (obtained together with the output data) is located.

Intuitive graphic environment

• When bar analogues (BA) are generated with auto-recognition of the cross-section shape, the program will not generate BA in case the cross-section was not assigned to initial FE (appropriate check is added). If bar analogue is generated without recognition of section, it will be generated by configuration of initial elements even if stiffness is not assigned to such elements.
• In problems with solid elements, possible program crash (in generating contour plots with analysis results at the specified section of design model) is eliminated.
• Restored: option to analyse steel structures for models (where the file name exceeds 30 characters) imported from SAPFIR module and analysed in VISOR-SAPR module.
• For projects created with input tables, corrected option to save to *.lir file the steel stiffness values defined in the 'Stiffnesses' input table. Error occurred when the specified stiffness values were activated with Undo/Redo commands.
• Restored: option to generate tables in the Report Book with description of RC materials in case there is no continuous numbering of parameters in the list (that is, there are gaps or numbers of parameters are not in order).
• Enhanced generation of tables (*.ÒÕÒ and *.HTML) with output data for analysis of reinforcement.
• Fixed: possible program crash when the contour is generated with the 'Triangulation' dialog box in case there are coincident nodes in the contour.
• Fixed: possible program crash when the model is merged from the submodels.
• Options to unselect nodes/elements and to cancel the chain of dimensions are separated in the 'Geometric properties' tool. The first Esc will unselect nodes/elements while the second Esc will cancel the chain of dimensions.
• Added: option to analyse steel structures according to results of DCF for problems with the history of nonlinear load cases.
• Fixed: possible error to input incorrect value when you define ranges for a certain colour palette.
• For steel stiffness with variable section, added option to display information about assigned materials on mosaic plot of materials for steel structures.
• For steel cross-sections defined with standard types of stiffness (with no reference to steel tables), correct value of the unit weight is added.
• When the dead weight is generated for the steel elements, unit weight q defined on the 'Stiffness' tab in the 'Steel cross-section' dialog box is used rather than the value from steel table.
• When steel structures are analysed by histories of nonlinear load cases, in the 'Analysis parameters (Metal, RC)' (on the 'Load factors' tab) the user will see default names for load cases - 'History of nonlinear load cases 1', 'History of nonlinear load cases 2', etc. instead of the empty names of load cases.
• Enhanced presentation for the steel section of type 'I-section of three sheets' (with no reference to steel table) when stiffnesses are displayed in the mode 'Presentation with account of assigned sections' in VISOR-SAPR module and in Cross-section Design Toolkit module.
• Fixed: possible program crash when the 'Geometric properties' tool is used when the specified chains of dimensions are cancelled.
• For problems with super-elements, enhanced tool 'Information about element' when the data about initial and selected profile is presented in the mode of steel structures.
• Fixed: option to paste the array of numbers into DCL table through the Clipboard in case when combination coefficients have values <0.
  

SOIL

• In problems of SOIL system, enhanced generation of the colour palette for mosaic plot of loads.
• When mean modulus of elasticity (Emean) for soil is computed by 'Method 2', settlements Sc (compression of pile shaft) and Sp (punching shear with pile toe of equivalent foundation base) are considered similar to calculation by 'Method 1'.
• In the SOIL system, during analysis by the model of equivalent foundation, default distance to the edge of equivalent foundation is modified from '2D' to '1.5D'.
• Fixed: possible program crash when you switch to the soil model window after the 'Remove soil model' command in the 'Soil model' dialog box.
• When calculating hd (effective depth up to which soil resistance along the side surface is not considered) in pile stiffnesses by DCL, the earthquake is considered in case the 'Earthquake' load case type is available in combinations (not by dynamic load case). This change makes it possible to cover cases where the earthquake load is defined as a static load case, e.g. nodal inertial forces.
• By default, the coordinate system window is hidden to save the workspace.

Steel structures

• Restored: option to launch the steel analysis in case parameter of steel material 'Steel table' is defined as 'In the same file as shapes'.
• Enhanced algorithm for numerical selection of the built-up steel I-section.
• For steel elements of type 'universal bar', defined parameters (ultimate deflection, slenderness ratio, effective length) may be displayed as mosaic plots.
• In analysis of steel structures for specific combinations, the program selects deflections where max utilization ratio of the steel section.
• In stability analysis of steel sections, possible too high values of utilization ratio of the section are fixed.
• Fixed: option to save the file with output data for analysis of the truss joint from pipes of rectangular section.
• Added: option to analyse steel structures by results of DCF for problems with history of nonlinear load cases.

RC structures

• In parameters of RC materials for plates, analysis 'by Wood theory' is defined by default. For Eurocode and similar building codes, analysis of reinforcement is always carried out 'by Wood theory'.
• In analysis of reinforcement in plates by Karpenko method, arrangement of reinforcement is clarified in certain cases.
• When you define types of pilot reinforcement (PR) for plates, longitudinal reinforcement is clarified on schematic presentation in case of large areas of total reinforcement.
• When you define RC materials for DBN B.2.6-98:2009, list of classes for composite reinforcement is updated according to the specified parameters of such reinforcement.

Steel rolled shapes

• New option to add steel tables for pipes and plates from the 'Steel cross-section' dialog box in case the 'Hidden' option is defined for the file of steel table (that is, steel tables of previous versions).

Fire resistance

• When the output data for analysis on fire resistance is visualized in 'Fire resistance of element' window, reference of temperature values to appropriate rebars is clarified.
• In analysis of steel structures with account of fire resistance, position of local axes Y1/Z1 are clarified as well as limit values for slenderness ratio.
• Added: option to identify when it is not possible to determine the depth of heating in concrete during analysis on fire resistance.

SAPFIR-Structures

• Added option to define the capital and column base generated only in the 1st direction.
• Fixed bug in moving the middle point of the stair.
• Restored option to save the openings when partition is converted to the wall.
• New option to transfer design parameters for piles to VISOR-SAPR module.
• Fixed bug when the set of layers assigned for a 3D view is cancelled in case you switch between the 'Create' and 'Reinforcement' tabs.
• Restored option to edit the contour of inclined slab with the check points.

• Added option: in the same slab to use triangulation points created with the "AddLnSlab" node and cutting lines.
• Fixed bug: elevation for triangulation lines and points generated with the node 'AddLnSlab'.

• Restored option to create openings in the foundation slab (for import of floor plans).
• When importing 3D DXF file through Generator, when the drawing is presented to scale, new option to scale along the Z axis is added.
• In the 'Soil model' dialog box, on the 'Position' tab, restored option to obtain parameters when you click 'from SOIL' button.
• Fixed bug: when analysis results for piers are presented on the model graphically, the value labels displayed on mosaic plots are shifted.
• Corrected option to consider displacement of the rigidity centre in physically nonlinear plate FE in the case the unified axes do not coincide with the local axes of element.
• When calculating the stiffness of piles (FE 57) as an equivalent foundation according to 'method 1', the influence of additional settlement Sp was clarified (additional settlement from punching shear of piles at the base of equivalent foundation). In case the pile foundation is simulated as the load in the SOIL system, then when calculating C1 and C2 according to method 1, both settlements Sp and Sc (compression of the pile shaft) are taken into account.
• Optimized generation of punching shear contours for piles created in VISOR-SAPR module.
• Restored option ot generate the table with output data 'Load on brick pier' and 'Piers by load cases'.
• Fixed bug: in 'METEOR' system, generation of integrated problem in case problems are merged only based on the DCF results ('DCF +' mode). When the total DCF table for the integrated problem is generated, there is no autocorrect from 'progressive collapse' load case to the 'specific' load case.
• Fixed a bug: in DCL for SP PK EN 1990: 2002 + A1: 2005/2011 when combinations are generated according to formulas 6.10, 6.10a and 6.10b. Now the user could define the reduction factor. It is recommended to re-define the combinations of the main type I that were defined earlier).
• For the integrated problem in 'METEOR' system ('DCF+' mode), new option to carry out local analysis for steel elements.
• Fixed bug: for materials in which the unloading curve is close to zero in the nonlinear diagram.
• In the 'SOIL' system, when calculating the stiffness of the FE 57 according to the equivalent foundation model, the default radius of the equivalent foundation is changed from '2D' to '1.5D'.
• In analysis of reinforcement for the RC elements according to SP 63.13330.2012/2018, clarified algorithm for account of combinations when the group of forces E1 (progressive collapse) is available.
• When computing design strength of brickwork, clarified value for coefficient from sect.6.14 (g) for SP 15.13330.2020.
• For the 'Stiffened cement heavy' mortar, the requirements for reducing the design strength stipulated in 'note 2' to table 6.1 SP 15.13330.2020 are taken into account.
• For types of pilot reinforcement (PR) for plates plates, if zero reinforcement is specified for some layers, then min percentage of reinforcement specified in the design parameters is assigned for such layers (for the check by Karpenko's theory).
• For the 'Assemblage stages' input table, the sequence of assemblage stages after Undo/Redo options is fixed; the updated 'Assemblage stages' table is synchronized with the open 'Edit load cases' and 'Model nonlinear load cases' dialog boxes.
• In analysis of fire resistance for RC structures, the reduction factor (used to determine the tensile strain of concrete) is clarified.
• Corrected discrepancy between the area of reinforcement for RC and composite bars of circular cross-section in VISOR-SAPR and in the local mode of reinforcement LARM-SAPR.
• For SP 63.13330.2012/2018, corrected discrepancy in the output data for bars of rectangular cross-section with account of fire resistance (the output data obtained in VISOR-SAPR module and in the local mode of reinforcement LARM-SAPR).
• For SP 63.13330.2012/2018, corrected discrepancy in the output data for bars of circular cross-section by ultimate limit states (ULS) and by serviceability limit states (SLS) with and without account of fire resistance.
• For SP 63.13330.2012/2018, corrected discrepancy in the output data for tensile elements in analysis of transverse reinforcement.
• For SP 63.13330.2012/2018, corrected discrepancy in the output data for plates by ultimate limit states (ULS) and by serviceability limit states (SLS) with and without account of fire resistance.
• In analysis of reinforcement by SP RK EN 1990:2002+A1:2005/2011, new option to consider (in materials) the additional group of coefficients defined for different types of DCL.
• For RC materials defined according to SP RK EN 1990:2002+A1:2005/2011, exteme values of coefficients k1, k2, k3, k4 are stipulated.
• Fixed bug: in selection of the section for rectangular steel pipes, the program fails to select the shape for rectangular pipe though there are suitable shapes in the steel table.
• In analysis of steel structures according to SP 16.13330.2017 for specific combinations, deflections of the max utilization ratio of the steel member are selected.
• In stability analysis of steel sections, the possible overestimation in utilization ratio of the section is fixed.
• Fixed bug: when analyses of the previously calculated problems are started once again, the LIRA-FEM Analysis Client / Server may be blocked (deadlock).
• Enhanced robustness of the the LIRA-FEM Analysis Client / Server in case the queue contains a lot of problems with the status 'Preparing for analysis' and 'Waiting for ZIP file with input data'.
• Fixed bug: when you open the problem (for example, transferred from another computer, including in a ZIP file), the STC design materials assigned for cross-sections in the user-defined steel tables are lost.

SAPFIR-Structures

• Corrected bug: inversion of walls that contain openings if the analytical model of the wall was aligned manually.
  
• Added option not to transfer dynamic load cases to VISOR-SAPR module, just clear appropriate check boxes in the 'Edit load cases' dialog box.
  
• Corrected bug in the 'Cut off with box' command. 
  
• Enhanced option to copy (by storeys) the openings with enclosed contours (when one opening is located inside the other) in floor slabs.
• Corrected value of load in the meshed model for the wall with interpretation 'Load' if the opening with defined unit weight is defined for the wall.

• Enhanced import of DXF drawings in case the drawing contains blocks (overlapping text is corrected, enhanced conversion of NURBS curves into Bezier curves).
• When the model generated by DXF underlay is updated, for beams the current section is retained.
  
• Import of IFC file:
  

  • corrected error in import of columns for which Boolean operations were performed;

  • added import of premises for the updatable node in the Generator system.

• Pulgin for Grasshopper is available in English and Ukrainian, restored compatibility with previous versions of the program.
  
• In problems with DCL according to SP RK EN 1990:2002+A1:2005/2011 (Republic of Kazakhstan), for forces by DCL, corrected difference in values presented on diagrams and in the information about element.
  
• In the 'Colour grade visualuzation' dialog box, on the 'Colours' tab, restored presentation of colours for the specified ranges.
  
• Tables of unified forces may be generated even if not all elements of the unification groups are selected.
  
• Added option: export of the output data from analysis of reinforcement for physically nonlinear bars and plates into Design of RC structures module.
• Accuracy in solving quadrangular and triangular FE of shell with the 6th DOF at the node is corrected depending on the FE shape.
• Restored analysis of problems with 'NL Engineering 1' according to SP 63.13330.2012/2018.
• Restored analysis of reinforcement according to SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011.
  
• For steel sections 'the 3rd class' (that behaves in elastic stage) clarified analysis on fire resistance in case of torsion moment.
  
• Corrected presentation of the height elevation for load when the load from the foundation pit is converted to the imported load.
  
• Clarified check for application of loads with attribute "σzy".
  
• For problems of SOIL system, with the option 'Calculate on enlarged grid', the added option to check points located outside the load.
  
• In the SOIL system, new option to show/hide symbolic presentation of piles and their numbers. To find out appropriate commands, on the VIEW menu, point to 'Show objects'.
• For calculation of subgrade moduli, the building code SP RK 5.01-102-2013 is supported.
  
• LIRA-FEM 'Analysis Client/Server' is speeded up in case of large number of problems that are waiting in the queue for analysis.

Interoperability

• Enhanced import of floor plans DXF:
  • in SAPFIR module, when a polyline is imported to the 'Space' object, it is possible to define its interpretation as a load, its intensity and load case;
  • restored option to import surface loads;
  • fixed bug: rotation of column sections when the model is generated according to the DXF floor plan.

• Enhanced import of IFC:
  • when the openings in walls are imported, the 'Apply to adjacent walls' property is automatically set for them;
  • enhanced import of beams;
  • account of rotation angle for the building in import of IFC file;
  • enhanced generation of openings in walls for IFC files generated in Tekla Structures.

SAPFIR-Structures

• The ratio of coefficients Gamma fm/Gamma fe is transferred to the DCL table in VISOR-SAPR module for the Wind load case according to DBN B.1.2-2006 3.1(2007).
• Enhanced option to generate colours for stiffness in SAPFIR objects.
• New option to consider the weight of window and door’s assembly for walls with the interpretation Load.
• New parameter 'Wind load' is added for walls and windows. For a specified parameter, elements with zero stiffness are generated over the whole area of the opening in the design model, in particular, to collect the wind load.

Unified intuitive graphic environment for the user

• To check design model and prepare documentation, mosaic plots for properties of the following objects are realized:
  • mosaic plot to evaluate the quality of FE mesh for 3-node and 4-node plates; the best quality is equal to 1 for the square and equilateral triangle;
  • mosaic plot to evaluate the quality of geometry of plate FE - 'Max angle between edges';
  • mosaic plot for nodes (it shows the number of elements adjacent to this node);
  • mosaic plot for numbers of assigned pile groups.

• In filter for elements there is new parameter to find/select elements along the length of structural element
• New option to save lists of nodes and elements when the PolyFilter dialog box is closed. When the nodes and/or elements are selected on the model with 'selection window', the filters defined for the generated list of nodes and elements are considered.
• Ribbon user interface now contains command to define parameters for the FEA solver.

• SOIL system: additional triangulation of loads that simulate the soil excavation from the foundation pit.

• SOIL system: mosaic plot of stress from soil excavated from the foundation pit.

• Corrected error in generation of punching shear contours for the beam grillage and foundation slab.
• SOIL system: account of settlements for specific soils in calculation of subgrade moduli by 'Method 1' (calculation by Pasternak model).
• SOIL system: when the settlement and subgrade moduli C1, C2 are calculated, the soil along the pile length is considered as non-compressible for both cases: for the case K1=K2=0 and for the case K1≠0 or Ê2≠0 (K1 - proportion of load transmitted at the pile top, K2 - proportion of load transmitted along the pile length).
• In the 'Define moduli C1 and C2' dialog box, new option to define Pz without No. of subgroup for imported loads.
• When the model of piles is generated as the chain of bars with elastic springs along the length (from FE 57 method 2), every pile will be automatically included into structural block.
• New toolbar 'Flags of drawing' with commonly used settings of graphic presentation. Set of buttons and their location may be modified by the user.

• New flags of drawing: pile group No.; pile groups in colour; numbers for subgroups of loads Pz included into group of loads exported to the SOIL system; data about hidden nodes (visibility of these nodes are cancelled with flags of drawing).
• New tool to add to design model the special FE (such as FE of elastic spring, damper, etc.). This tool will integrate the FE of the required length into the specified location and at the same time assign the selected stiffness.

• In description of stiffness for FE 262 (simulates one-sided elastic spring between nodes with option to consider the gap), new option '+ FE length' is added. In compression, this option enables you to add the actual FE length to the specified gap (if the gap length is defined as equal to zero and this option is active, then the gap size will be automatically equal to the length of the FE).
• New input tables:
  • 'Number of design sections' - to define and modify number of sections in which the forces/stresses for bars and plates will be computed (in case of plates - centre of plate plus nodes in which stresses will be computed);
  • 'Assemblage stages' - to define and modify the data about assemblage/disassemblage stages.
• New options to manage synchronization for the model when you work with multiple windows:
  • for fragmentation;
  • for projections/views;
  • for the settings of the flags of drawing.

• Table with output data for forces by steps in nonlinear analysis.
• In the mode of analysis result evaluation, new option to calculate DCF for selected elements or current fragment of the model.

• For the plate elements, new option to define thermal load in unified axes for the output data.
• For analysis results by load cases/DCL, new mode for presentation of forces and displacements max by absolute value.

• Bar analogues are available for problems with time history analysis.
• New check and warning for the case when analysis 'by forces' is defined in the settings for design options.
• New option to import the section from VISOR-SAPR module to 'Cross-section Design Toolkit' module according to the data of fire resistance for the element. The section is imported as divided into zones depending on distribution of temperatures at every part of the section. Every zone has its own stress-strain diagram for concrete and reinforcement with account of changes in physical and mechanical properties of concrete and reinforcement at high temperature fire.

• In the 'Mesh generation' dialog box, for the simple contour, new option to select intermediate nodes with the Shift key and to modify the scale of displacements (when you hold down the Ctrl key and rotate the mouse wheel).
• For the graphs of kinetic energy, displacement in time, speed and acceleration of node along the specified direction or forces in selected section of the element in time, it is possible to display the function value at places where the graph intersects the integration steps.
• The 'Diagram along section of plates' and 'Deflection diagram' dialog boxes contain commands that enable the user to locate the diagram vertically, on projection and display the local extreme values of the diagram.

FEA solver

• The window with analysis protocol is reorganized:
  • new tool for comfortable reading of analysis protocol during analysis procedure. Hold down the left mouse button in the protocol window to stop the automatical 'scrolling' of the window (until the key is released). Now you could, for example, 'scroll' the protocol window (when holding down the mouse button) and read the whole text available in the protocol window;
  • to zoom in/zoom out the font in the protocol window (hold down the Ñtrl key and rotate the mouse wheel);
  • the text in the protocol window is now displayed many times faster than it was earlier. It is helpful in step-type analysis with a small number of unknowns, but a very large number of steps.

• Analysis on thermal loads defined along arbitrary direction in the plane of plate FE.
• Analysis on three-component accelerogram (dynamic modules 29, 64):
  • modified calculation of inertial forces: distribution coefficients and modal masses are calculated for every component of the earthquake load;
  • to significantly reduce the time when you solve dynamic problem, new option to specify the max percentage of modal masses in certain directions (Mx=90%, My=90% Mz=75%).
  • the output data now contains 3 modal masses and 3 distribution coefficients for every component.

• For the dynamics module 62, the dangerous direction of load is determined automatically (when the 'Account of direction cosines' checkbox is not selected). The dangerous direction of load is determined for each mode shape based on the max distribution coefficient.
• Corrected behaviour of 2D and 3D physically nonlinear finite elements of soil, for which unloading path is defined by a separate branch (Ke is not equal to 1).
• Corrected behaviour of iterative physically nonlinear plates, for which unloading path is defined by a separate branch.
• For FE 262 (simulates one-way elastic spring between nodes with the option to consider the gap), in compression it is possible to consider the gap as equal to the length of the FE + the specified gap size.
• When collecting masses for dynamic analysis, new option to consider additional load cases specified in the 'Model nonlinear load cases' dialog box (when this option is not active, the masses from additional load cases are not automatically summed up with the masses of the main assemblage stages).

Reinforced Concrete Structures

• In analysis of reinforcement according to building codes of Kazakhstan, coefficients in sect.7.2 SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011 are considered.
• New algorithm for analysis of reinforcement in plate elements according to Wood theory by SP 63.13330.2018 and SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011.
• The 'Define and edit the types of pilot reinforcement (PR)' dialog box is optimized for the work with a large number of PR types.
• In the 'Define and edit the types of pilot reinforcement (PR)' dialog box, when PR types are defined for plate elements it is possible to define concrete cover from material properties. New option to arrange symmetric reinforcement for plates.
• 'AVANGARD' is a system for detailed evaluation for bearing capacity of reinforced concrete sections in oblique eccentric compression (tension). Generation of the surface (volume) for the bearing capacity of RC normal section with arbitrary arrangement of reinforcing bars by SNIP 2.03.01-84*, DSTU 360-98, TSN 102-00* and SP 63.13330.2018.

Steel Structures

• In analysis of steel structures, the I-section may be checked/selected with no reference to existing steel tables.
• 'Arbitrary bar' may be analysed according to Eurocode EN 1993-1-1:2005/AC:2009 and building codes of Kazakhstan SP RK EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011, for cold-formed shapes according to SP 260.1325800.2016 and beams of variable section according to SP 16.13330.2017.

LIRA-FEM Analysis Client/Server

• Fixed bug: server stop when analysis of *.lir file is defined from read-only network folder.
• Double-click the icon in the notification area (at the far right of the taskbar) to close the LIRA-FEM Analysis Client/Server window if this window is open.
• New state for the problem - 'Waiting for ZIP file with input data '. Earlier, in this state, analysis of such problem may be started and the queue of the problems is blocked. It is possible to terminate analysis marked as started but for some reason is not actually running. It is also possible to delete from the queue the problem in state 'Creating Zip-archive with analysis results on the server computer'. It is not allowed to delete the problem during the time when it is analysed. Earlier, when the 'Remove' command was activated for the analysed problem, the problem queue was blocked. The 'record operations ' tool is deleted.
• Corrected function of the 'More...' button when the data is reorganized.

SAPFIR-Structures

• Enhanced option to transfer to VISOR-SAPR module the hinge supports of floor slabs with eccentricity.
  
• Restored work in the 'Editable analytics' mode, it is not necessary to close and open file.
  
• Enhanced option to save the *.spf file if nonlinearity is defined for the file.
  
• Enhanced option to transfer to VISOR-SAPR module the data by 14th piecewise linear function.
  
• Corrected option to select the current layer in the 'Layers' dialog box.
  
• Corrected numbers for the sheets of drawings during the export to DXF.

• Enhanced calculation of reserve factor for reinforcement in plate elements during analysis on progressive collapse.

• Clarified analysis of reinforcement in plate elements by SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011 in case it is necessary to increase reinforcement to provide required crack resistance.
  

• Blocked option to interact with the user interface when standard tables with the output data are generated. Enhanced visual presentation of the progress bar.

• Enhanced conversion of measurement units when you define the data for equivalent pile foundation in the SOIL system.

• New option to transfer loads to the physically nonlinear finite elements from LIRA-CAD module.

• Restored option to save the current names of elements in the Report Book when they are updated.

• When models are transferred from SAPFIR module, loading histories by default will have the DCF group A1 and the 'Displacements and forces after every step' option will become active.

• It is not necessary to connect with results of steel analysis every time when you open the problem if design options (except the last one) were deleted from the problem.

• New option to transfer stiffness FE-310 from SAPFIR module to VISOR-SAPR module.

Analysis Client/Server LIRA-FEM

• When the problem is sent to analysis, it is possible to skip recalculation of subgrade moduli C1/C2 or pile stiffnesses by soil model.

• New option to organize the list of problems in the queue by every column. New option to modify the window size.

• For the problems with status 'Analysis failed', new option to display the protocol of FE analysis if such analysis was carried out.

SAPFIR-Structures

• New parameter 'Wind load' is added to the properties of door and window openings; it enables you to take into account the area of the opening when collecting the positive/negative wind load in space. Plates with zero stiffness are generated inside the openings.

• In the properties of objects there is an option to define the load case for the dead load.

• Enhanced copy option for steel objects with assigned design parameters and cleanups.

• Option to return to the user-defined colours of objects after using the 'Mosaic plot for certain parameters' or 'Colour of objects by stiffness, object types, materials', etc. commands.

• Option to restore the colour of the load after using 'Mosaic plot for certain parameters' command.

• Option to generate mosaic plot of properties for subobjects for the top edges in wall segments.

• Corrected 'Line colour' parameter for beams.

• Enhanced mirror copy for the text.

• Fixed bug: the hinge node was changed (from the 1st to the 2nd) for the 'Angle' section when the meshed model is generated.

• Enhanced transfer (to VISOR-SAPR module) of hinged support with eccentricity for the floor slabs.

• When the 'Filter by parameters' dialog box is opened, the settings for the previous filter are cleared.

• Enhanced generation of punching shear contours by SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011.

• Fixed bug: program crash when you work with problems that contain a large number of structural elements (more than 10 000 StE).

• Fixed bug: program crash when working with problems that contain a large number of types of pilot reinforcement (more than 10 000).

• Restored option: correct calculation of nonlinear stiffness parameters for bars of circular/ring cross-section.

• Enhanced calculation for design resistance of soil with account of the basement.

• Restored account of additional pressure when calculating moduli of subgrade reaction of soil.

• For the user-defined combinations defined by SP 20.13330.2011/2016 and DBN B.1.2-2:2006, the 'specific combination' option is corrected, even if the combination does not include any no appropriate load cases. It may affect the analysis of steel sections by the serviceability limit states (SLS).

• Enhanced analysis of local buckling out of the plane of the rolled I-section according to SP 16.13330.2017.

• Fixed bug: program failure when selecting steel sections that contain unified groups of elements.

• Restored import of double angles section from Tekla Structures.

LIRA-FEM Analysis Client/Server

• Fixed bug: in analysis of problems where subgrade moduli C1/C2 or pile stiffness values should be recalculated, only static / dynamic analysis were carried out, and optionally, DCL calculation and analysis of RC and steel structures.

• To open the application, double-click appropriate icon in the notification area of the taskbar.

• The message 'LIRA-FEM Analysis Client / Server 2021 continues to work' is displayed only when you close the window for the first time.

• Fixed bug: if the problem was set for recalculation from another computer or from another user account, then its *.lir file was deleted. This applies only to the problems for which the analysis was not started. Now: if the analysis is not started, then only files from the exchange folder are deleted. In other cases, the message 'Your command has been sent to analysis server «computer_name.account_name» and will be processed as the server become available. If you do not need to delete files of problem initial data and results from the server, you may simply delete the files from the exchange folder manually'.

SAPFIR-Structures

• For triangulation points above the columns, new optionto define the same step as the triangulation step of the main slab.
• Enhanced option to save the file to previous versions of LIRA-CAD.
• Fixed bug for visualization: objects of 3D view were not presented and it was necessary to generate new 3D view.
It is not allowed to use white colour for the stiffness of elements for which material is not defined. A random colour is assigned instead.

Large panel buildings

• Enhanced generation of nodes in case when the wall panels are connected in the middle of the storey.

Design of RC structures

• In the schedule of reinforcement, restored opton to define the reference document and class of material.

Generator

• Enhanced node 'Import SAF - Import of objects from the *.SAF file'.

• Plugin for two-way integration with Autodesk Revit is updated for Revit 2022.
• Added option to import hinges for bars from Revit model.
• When analysis results for reinforcement are imported to Revit, it is possible to import such results separately for bars and for plates.
• Restored option to intersect objects in SAPFIR module when the data is imported from Revit.
• Modified generation of DCF group E1 for problems with time history analysis and problems where analysis on progressive collapse is carried out by the quasi-static method.
• Added option to consider partial safety factors in analysis of reinforcement by forces of DCF group E1.
• Restored option to limit the depth of compressible stratum in case the soil with modulus of elasticity >100 000 t/m2 is located within such depth.
• Enhanced generation of the stress-strain diagram for concrete for group A1 according to results from analysis of reinforcement.
• Modified generation of DCL combinations for analysis on progressive collapse.
• Fixed bug in calculation of reserve factor for reinforcement during the check of PR types (Pilot Reinforcement) for the forces of group E1.
• In analysis of reinforcement according to SP 63.13330.2018 / SP 20.13330.2016, materials for specific combinations (without earthquake) are divided into:
  • type D1 [generated with load cases 'Specific except earthquake (6)', used to simulate special normative (design) * loads: fire truck driving onto the stylobate, extreme snow, wind, etc.) - if the corresponding check box is selected ** in the 'Type' materials, the normative characteristics of materials are applied (in this case, additional coefficients Yad, ϕ and ultimate strain specified in the materials 'Concrete' and 'Reinforcement' are not used];
  • type E1 [generated with 'Progressive Collapse (8)' load cases, used to simulate special emergency * loads) - if the corresponding check box is selected ** < / sup> in 'Type' materials, the normative characteristics of materials and additional coefficients Yad, ϕ and ultimate strain specified in the materials 'Concrete' and 'Reinforcement' are applied].

IMPORTANT. Subject to the above-mentioned changes, in problems with analysis on progressive collapse, generated in version 2020, it is necessary to do the following: for a quasistatic statement, to change the type of load case with a local failure (select 'Progressive collapse (8)' instead of 'Specific except earthquake (6)', and for dynamic statement on the 'Dynamics-plus' menu, select the DCF group of the generated dynamics results - E1.

Preprocessor LIRA-CAD

• Option to present local axes of columns, beams, slabs and walls. To modify direction for local axes of objects, it is possible to invert direction of walls and beams. For local axes of slabs, you could define direction for unification of axes: just rotate the axes by certain angle.
• New options to define direction of local axes for springs (FE 55).
• Directly in SAPFIR module it is possible to define parameters for analysis of theoretical bearing capacity of pile foundation by the soil model. You could also subtract one pile array from another and create an opening in the pile array.
• Enhanced tool 'Space':
• option to select the load case for the load from space;
• with the 'Floor' option it is possible to define the floor structure within the space. Then the floor will be converted to the uniformly distributed load the value of such load will be computed.

Generating the load from floor in properties of Space

• Option to define the unit weight for windows and doors. The load from a glass unit, steel profile or door leaf may be optionally applied in two ways: as concentrated loads at the edges of the window / door opening or as linear load along the opening.

How to define unit weight of the glass unit in the properties of opening

• For loads distributed across the area, there are enhanced Boolean operations: union, subtraction, cutting along a line.
• New tools to generate triangulation lines in straight segments of walls. On the triangulation line in walls (subObjects), the tools that provide modification are expanded (move, copy, duplicate using an array).

Triangulation lines for walls

• Option to create triangulation area with arbitrary contour for slabs. Within such triangulation area, you can define triangulation step that will differ from triangulation step for the main slab. For such triangulation area it is also possible to define individual orientation for the local axes.
• In addition to the auto generation of triangulation points over the column supports, there is an option to automatically generate triangulation areas over walls. For selected walls, triangulation areas are generated by defining the indents from the wall into 4 directions. Local axes may be displayed for the generated triangulation areas. Even for the physical model, in the properties of the local axes, you can define an individual triangulation step for such an area and the angle of axes unification.
• New option to smooth triangular and quadrangular FE mesh. The developed algorithm makes it possible to improve the shape of finite elements. To improve the quality of the shape for the elements adjacent to the node, the nodes are moved. Triangular elements are united into quadrangular elements. Improving the quality of triangulation allows you to reduce the stress and, accordingly, necessary area of reinforcement in the design model.

Smoothing the triangulation mesh

• Option to copy several objects located at different storeys.
• Option 'Cut selected objects by storey levels' will help you to cut by storey levels the walls, columns and beams generated within the several storeys in height. After the procedure, several objects will be generated and placed to appropriate storeys.
• Enhanced tool 'Inclined slab':
• option to define boundary conditions and support conditions for the edges of slab;
• option to define loads (dead, live, short-term) applied to inclined slab and indicate load case for every load type;
• new method for generation of inclined slab – with arbitrary snap.
• In Properties for the project there are tolerance values that were previously defined for the program:
• ñoefficient for aligning slabs by walls;
• the nearest analytical level (tolerance to generation of offsets for slabs, tolerance to extension of walls up to slabs);
• min and max lengths of joints;
• min height of the platform elements;
• grip area for finding panels in auto generation of joints;
• max gap between panels when joint layout is selected.
• Stiffness FE type 309 (geometrically nonlinear arbitrary 3D bar with large displacements) may be assigned to columns and beams. Stiffness FE type 309 may be computed from parameters of the object. Any parameter of stiffness may be reduced/increased with coefficients to stiffness. It is also possible to define the stiffness parameters for the object manually.
• Option to define design parameters for the check and/or selection of steel sections for trusses.
• Hinges are defined in terms of hinges in VISOR-SAPR module. Hinge is taken to mean that there is no stiffness or there is limited stiffness for the restraint between one of bar ends and model node. The hingle may be imposed at the beginning and/or at the end of the bar by any DOF in local coordinate system of the bar. The hinges may be either angular (about axes UX1, UY1, UZ1) or linear (along axes X1, Y1, Z1). It is also possible to remove restraint W – to allow free warping of cross-sections of bar ends.

Option to define hinges for bars

• In SAPFIR settings there is a new option – default layer, when the object is generated it will be placed at this layer. New layer is generated by the type of generated object: layer of columns, layer of walls, layer of beams, etc.
• The structure itself and the meshed model may be visualized in colour according to the object type, in random colours, in colours of materials and in colours of stiffness. Such colour presentation may be transferred to VISOR-SAPR module as the colours of structural blocks (colour by type of object and colour by type of material) or as colours of stiffness values.

FEM model in colours of stiffness values

• Updated filter by parameters of objects: all objects are added and all parameters available for these objects. It is possible to select subObjects (points/lines of triangulation, local coordinate systems, punching shear contours) by different criteria.
• In filter by parameters there is an option to visualize parameters of the objects in colour. You could select any parameter (thickness, cross-section, material, FE type, support, etc.) and visualize the range of values for this parameters in appropriate colour palette.

Mosaic plot with assigned support options

• In properties of objects (beams, columns, slabs, walls), the support option may be defined 'Coupled DOF along X and Y' and 'User-defined coupled DOF' where you could specify directions by which DOF should be coupled.
• Option to generate the summary table with all elements of steel section in the model. For steel sections, the following data is displayed in the table: element tag, object name, assigned cross-section, length and mass. You could arrange elements by storey, layer, type of object and generate the summary table only for elements selected on the model. Analysis results for checked and selected sections may be imported from VISOR-SAPR to SAPFIR module. In this case, the program will display shapes for which the check/selection procedure was carried out in VISOR-SAPR module and check/selection results by ULS, SLS and LB. Shapes highlighted in the list may be replaced with selected ones.
• Schedule of rolled steel to check the theoretical consumption of steel (rolled shapes) for elements of steel structures. The schedule contains the following data: shape name, name or tag for the steel, number or dimensions of the shape, mass for the steel by elements of the structure, total mass, total length and number of elements of certain dimension-type. The schedule of elements may be generated by storeys, types of objects (columns, beams, trusses, beam systems) and by elements selected on the model as well.
• Calculator of toal loads enables the user to obtain information about all loads defined in the project. Information is presented as the summaty table: the sum of projection of loads onto coordinate axes in global coordinate system. The contents in the summary table may be arranged by storeys, load cases, layers of simulation and selected elements. Information about loads may be obtained both in physical and meshed models.
• In addition to existing dynamic modules, it is possible to define the input data for the following dynamic loads: modal analysis (100), three-component accelerogram (29) and earthquake (response-spectrum) - (41). For existing dynamic modules, number of dynamic load accepted in VISOR-SAPR is added to SAPFIR.

Input data for dynamic modules

• In addition to the algorithm for collection of wind load, the wind pressure may be defined in tabular format. When the wind pressure and elevation are defined, the wind speed corresponding to this pressure is calculated automatically. If you define the wind speed and elevations, the wind pressure is calculated automatically. The calculated values are applied as the load to the elements of design model depending on selected application method (to walls, at the ends of floor slabs). It is possible to calculate the wind load by specifying max height of the building, the width of the building perpendicular to the wind load and the storey height. On the right, in the graphic area, the curve for the distribution of wind pressure along the height of the building is displayed. This curve can be edited graphically.

Wind pressure defined in tabular format

• Table of skews for vertical elements.
• Nonlinear stiffnesses may be transferred to VISOR-SAPR with the specified diagrams of concrete, reinforcement, creep. Histories of nonlinear loadings may be generated.

Input data for nonlinear analysis

• Regular object is introduced. When the model is generated, the user could define parameters that will describe the regular object (for example, material and section for columns), specify appropriate values and save such object. If you need to input such an object once more, you do not need to define parameters again, just select a saved regular object. It is possible to save a set of regular objects and use them in other projects.
• New command 'Select similar'. In the 'Filter by parameters' dialog box you could define parameters by which the objects should be considered as similar. It is also possible to create your own filter by criteria and activate it directly from the shortcut menu in the working area of the problem.
• Export of multiple drawings to PDF, DXF and DWG. Option to export several or all drawings rather than only one current drawing.
• User-defined tables may be generated on the drawing.

The first step towards 'cloud computer technology' in LIRA-SAPR. Analysis of LIRA-FEM problems is carried out on certain computers in the local network. When analysis is carried out on a server, the engineer could continue to work at his/her workstation. So, the company will make the most of its licences and computer capacity.

Work technique

• to prepare design model on the client’s workstation;
• to place the problem file 'in queue' (to send to analysis server);
• to analyse the model on certain server (LAN);
• after analysis, to copy analysis results back to client computer (optionally);
• to evaluate analysis results.

Options of user interface

• to define location where analysis results should be saved; it may be space within the internal network or cloud services for data storage;
• to trace and obtain push-messages about analysis procedure;
• for users – to manage your problem files in the queue;
• for administrators – to manage the whole queue of problem files.

Preparing model to analysis on server

Analysis server LIRA-SAPR 2021

• Iterative physically nonlinear FE (bar, plate and solid) with account of unloading. New FEs implement the theory of elastic-plasticity and may be used for both static and dynamic analyses. Application of new finite elements is the most efficient in analyses of earthquake-resistant construction and progressive collapse. Taking into account the plastic behaviour of structures will significantly increase the efficiency of design solutions. Two unloading methods are implemented: method 1 - peak-oriented hysteretic model, method 2 - isotropic hardening rule (model). In release 1, to select the unloading method, use the 'Options' for the Solver settings. In future releases we’re planning to implement the tool to select the unloading method for each type of stiffness separately. This option defines the type of unloading for bars and plates with a new attribute of physically nonlinear analysis 'iterative'. Method 1 is accepted by default.

Advantages of iterative FE when solving physically nonlinear problems:

• the iterative element will not take forces above the ultimate bearing capacity;
• iterative elements make it possible to take into account the unloading path of the material according to initial modulus of elasticity;
• in case of destruction, the accumulated forces that precede the stage of destruction are not fixed;
• in problems with time history analysis, there is no 'time delay', that is, problems in correspondence between accumulated efforts and displacements.

Defining stiffness for iterative FE

Example: behaviour of iterative FE with unloading

Diagram for behaviour of iterative FE with unloading

V.I.Feodosjev Strength of materials: Textbook for institutions. – Ed.10th, modif. – M: MGTU Publishing, 1999. – 592 p.

• For linear plate FE, analysis of stress at nodes is implemented, the analysis results are available in tabular and graphical forms. This option enables you to obtain more accurate results with a sparce mesh.

Computing stresses at nodes

• Option to take into account physical nonlinearity when defining the steel shapes (it is not necessary to describe the section geometry with the standard section types). This option may be applied when iterative FEs are used.

• Analysis on seismograms is implemented for problems with time history analysis.

Earthquake analysis - seismograms

• Visualization of nodal reactions for problems with time-history analysis (these reactions enable the user to calculate loads on fragment, to carry out punching shear analysis, to calculate reactions in piers - variable in time, selecting dangerous combinations (points in time) for analysis of RC and steel structures).

• New FEs (one-, two-node) that enable the user to simulate nonlinear hinges (FE with arbitrary piecewise-linear stress-strain diagram). The certain diagram is defined for every loading and unloading path. Loading-unloading path 'Basic rules for peak-oriented hysteretic model'.

  These FEs may be used to compute the ultimate equilibrium of bar structures. The ultimate equilibrium analysis is taken to mean nonlinear analysis of structures that allows you to simulate behaviour of structures under the various types of loads caused by an earthquake. Nonlinear hinges are considered as independent nonlinear joints in the direction of each DOF in the section, that is, interactions between different degrees of freedom are ignored.

• For FE 255, the option to work with the second modulus of elasticity (this option allows the user to simulate behaviour of seismic isolators as the FE 255 + FE55).

• Consistent mass matrix for bars with account of shear (Timoshenko bars).

• To check the input data for the problems with time history analysis, mosaic plots of masses are provided.

• New dynamics module (64) - a three-component response-spectrum.

Defining three-component response-spectrum

• New dynamics module (63) for Turkey, TBEC-2018.

New Dynamics module – Turkey, TBEC-2018

• Option to use geometrically nonlinear finite elements in the analysis by 'NL Engineering 2'. This option may be applied to: refined analysis of masts (analysis on wind pulsation 'according to building codes' with account of prestress; more accurate natural frequencies for check on resonance), cable-stayed bridges (including, clarified eigenvalue frequencies for check on flutter), large-span roofs (on resonance from noise), etc.

• In analysis on progressive collapse, it is possible to preview additional reinforcement in tabular format or in 'Information about element' dialog box.
• New element type 'Inclined beam'.
• In the Fire Resistance system, the user could customize analysis of transverse reinforcement.
• Table of materials may be modified by cells.
• Option to select / check reinforcement in plate elements for which stresses are computed not only in the center of gravity, but at nodes as well. It should be noted that when the FE mesh is refined, the difference in results decreases.

Visualization of differences in computing reinforcement (forces) at nodes

• Analysis of pilot reinforcement may be carried out according to SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011.

Results for analysis of pilot reinforcement for building code SP RK EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011

• Option to consider the partial safety factors for concrete and reinforcement according to requirements of 'Amendment 1' to SP 14.13330.2018.
• For SP 63.13330.2018, an ellipsoid of bearing capacity for ULS may be generated.
• An alternative algorithm for analysis of reinforcement according to SLS by Wood theory.

• New type of design element - 'universal' bar (truss-beam-column) that enables the user to obtain the envelope result by all checks of the steel section. Calculation and / or check of arbitrary element is performed sequentially according to three calculation procedures - as for a truss element, a column and a beam. When generating tables and mosaic plots of results for an arbitrary element, the max percentage of section utilization for the corresponding checks is displayed. In the local mode of analysis for an element of the model, extended information about analysis results is available.

Universal type of element in analysis of steel structures

• Account of free and constrained torsion in analysis of steel sections according to EN 1993-1-1:2005/AC:2009, SP RK EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011.
• SP RK EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011 and NP RK (solid sections) are supported.

Results for check of steel sections for building code SP RK EN 1993-1-1
• For EN 1993-1-1:2005/AC:2009, ÑÏ ÐÊ EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011, new mosaic plot of results - 'Section class'.
• Analysis of steel sections on fire resistance with account of constrained torsion.
• Analysis of steel sections is accelerated due to multithreading.
• For EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011, SP RK EN 1993-1-1:2005/2011, new option to exclude combinations of loads that are not used when checking / selecting sections for serviceability.

• Option to calculate the stiffness of the FE 57 (pile) according to the model of equivalent foundation.

Properties of a pile group and determining the pile stiffness by the model of equivalent foundation

• Enhanced method for accounting of the weight of soil removed from the pit (diagram σzγ). In the new version, it is possible to define the contour of the excavation regardless of the foundation. To simulate the contour of the pit, it is necessary define a zero load on the soil and set the property σzγ to it. When calculating a pile group as an equivalent foundation, the foundation pit should always be simulated with a separate load.

Analysis of settlement in pile foundation

• Optimized algorithm for determining the depth of compressible stratum.
• For SP 22.13330.2016, option to compute settlements and obtain subgrade moduli for:
  • man-made soil;
  • collapsible soil;
  • expansive soil;
  • saline soil;
  • soil with organic inclusions;
  • permafrost soil (SP 25.13330.2012).

New options in SOIL system

• New method for generation of bar analogues. From the objects selected on the model (required to generate the BA), the user could get the numbers of nodes and numbers of elements (source objects) by the specified number of the target bar.
• Option to ensure the integrity of the data on bar analogues when the model is packed and the numbers of nodes and elements in design model are changed.

Generating bar analogue (from elements selected on the model) by target bar

Auto generation of bar analogues by target bars